When you add carbon dioxide (CO2) from the three thousand degree exhaust, from the engines exhaust manifold, though an E.G.R. (Exhaust-Gas-Recycle) valve, back into the intake manifold with the air and fuel mixture going into a running gasoline engine the explosion temperature in the combustion chamber will drop about five hundred degrees, from 3500 degrees to 3000 degrees Fahrenheit. It was about, 1972 the U.S. Government enacted the Clean Air Act presenting a very big challenge to car manufactures. Car Emissions back in 1972 were about fifty percent less of what they were back in the 1940s, but the smog was getting thick and it was time to clean up the Air.
So the car scientists went to work. They needed to lower:
- CO (carbon monoxide: one part carbon and one part oxygen, carbon with no fuel or energy attached). This is the gas given off by the blue part of a flame and is at higher levels if the engine is running rich
- HC (hydrocarbons: carbon with fuel or energy attached), which is unburned fuel in vapor form and will be at higher levels if the engine misfires,
- NOx (oxides of nitrogen: produced by burning nitrogen and oxygen together at very high temperatures above 2500 degrees).
So they reduced the CO by leaning out the air/fuel mixture, Today cars produce zero carbon monoxide, one part carbon and one part oxygen, when the engine is completely warmed up and running at normal operating temperature.
They reduced the HC levels, from about 400 to 800 parts per-million to about 35 to 90 parts per-million, (one misfire can cause up to 2000 parts per-million hydrocarbon) out the tail pipe, by changing the primary ignition from a set of contact points to turn the ignition coil off and on to a electronic ignition.
Next was the hard part, reducing NOx. They needed to reduce the explosion temperature in the combustion chamber a few hundred degrees under all load conditions with leaner air/fuel mixtures which will only make the engine run hotter.
And what they found was, by recycling a small percentage of the exhaust gases (co2) back in to the engine with the air and fuel mixture, the explosion tempature would drop about 500 degrees, and lower the amount of nitric-oxide, coming from the exhaust, in order to meet EPA emission standards set in the 1970’s, and still very strictly enforced today.
I wonder way no one at the EPA knows this science ? from the 70’s ? still in use today ?
So at 6000 R.P.M. ( revolutions- per- minute ) on a four stroke, eight cylinder engine, the engine will produce, twelve thousand explosions every minute, or seven hundred and twnety thousand explosions an hour, or two hundred explosions per second, or one explosion every five ( ms. ) milliseconds, with about one millisecond of cooling time for each explosion, cooled five hundred degrees by CO2 ( carbon Dioxide ). ( a millisecond (ms.) is one thousandth of a second )
*( This information is available in most high school auto shop classes, Vo-Teh auto shop classes, collage level technical training schools, car manufacture technical training centers, auto parts stores, book stores, Libraries and any auto repair centers that service on board computers and emission control systems and any state auto emission testing stations all across the USA, and all around the world since 1974. ) or google E.G.R. Valve for over six million results, or go to dry ice in any dictionary or encyclopedia for the last eighty years. )*
I have been working with this science, every work day of my life, for the last thirty three years, in 1976 I became licensed by the state of California, to test, inspect, adjust, repair and certify, emission controls.
This has been common knowledge for millions of people world wide, with thousands of publications in every language, for over thrifty six years, with hundreds of new publications every year. and over eighty years for – dry ice – ( pure CO2 ).
Now everyone wants me to believe the computer studies, (Hypothetical Conjecture) a Guess of a (Meteorological Prognostication) a prediction, that say CO2 is the cause of global warming, even though human studies and ( proven science fact ) disagree. Well, I have never seen a computer roll up its sleeves put on a lab coat and walk into a laboratory, fire up the Bunsen burner and start experimenting for years on one unproven theory, ( hypothesis ). But the reason CO2 cools off the combustion process is, it acts like a bunch of little heat sponges in the combustion chamber and because CO2 is the by product of burning it has already burned once so it can not burn again, so it absorbs heat during the explosion. CO2 cannot produce heat, But it can lower the explosion temperature in your car’s engine five hundred degrees, to meet EPA standards for the last thirty six years.
Yes, we have global warming again, in the last six hundred million years the glaciers have melted, many times.
CO2 is not the cause of warming — it is the reaction to warming. We produce CO2 from heat. The computer-generated studies on global warming have yet to prove their HYPOTHETICAL CONJECTURE a guess, with physical evidence. My human-generated study shows global warming can cause CO2 levels to rise which is the 180-degree, complete and total opposite of the computer studies.
So when humans and computers do not agree on a subject matter then it is time to do nothing until we do agree. I have worked with computers with Artificial Intelligence for over 30 years and when my computer and I do not agree, we stop going forward and back up and by the time we get to the bottom of it all, I am usually right and the dumb computer is wrong.
Dry Ice is pure CO2, It cools anything ten times faster than frozen water can and will cool twenty times longer.
That fact would mean nothing to a computer.
Most of the CO2 on this planet is in the ocean, there is 70 times more co2 in the ocean than in the air, most of the active volcanoes on this planet are under current sea levels, they produce high levels of CO2 into the ocean and warming the air causes the release of CO2 from the ocean through the evaporation process, the warmer the air the greater amount of CO2 is evaporated into the air, and the amount of CO2 will change, as volcanic activity changes every day, CO2 is caused by global warming, not global warming caused by CO2.
Greenhouse Gases are the cornerstones of Life as we know it.
No Greenhouse Gases — No Plants, No food, No Oxygen, No Life.
CO2 is one-one hundredth to four one hundredths of 1% of the air.
There is more CO2 over the ocean [thanks to under water volcanoes] than land.
CO2 is only the thickness of a dime on the fifty yard line on a football field.
Energy from the Sun is the best future for energy and the cause of global warming.
We would already be energy independent today if we had spent the money put into the War in Iraq on energy independence. Instead we are going to spend another trillion dollars pumping CO2 into the ground to pollute underground drinking water, and if CO2 finds its way into natural gas wells, the gas will not burn.
All the lungs on this planet produce more CO2 than all the cars. Maybe we should remove oxygen from the air, it is two of the three parts of the greenhouse gas CO2 and it is twenty one percent of the air.
Is there enough CO2 for plants and trees to live? It is a proven fact, plants and trees are healthier when co2 levels are 15 times higher.
CO and CO2 is carbon with the fuel or energy removed, now bonded to the oxygen that allow fuel to burn, and now the oxygen can no longer allow fuel to burn with the carbon bonded with it, it can no longer produce heat or energy, it can only absorb heat and energy.
Think of carbon as a fuel tank, when it is full, it is a hydrocarbon, when its empty, it is carbon monoxide and or carbon dioxide the aftermath of burning all the fuel, and now it can be used for extreme cooling or be absorbed back in to plants and trees to become food and fuel energy once again.
Carbon is like a bucket, you can use it to carry fuel for fire to burn, or carry dry ice [CO2] to cool something to minus 110 degrees below zero and colder.
Wood and coal and charcoal and gas, and any thing that grows, eatable or not, is carbon with fuel attached to it.
The human body is carbon with fuel attached to it, the human lungs, exhale oxygen with carbon attached to it, for plants and trees to absorb.
CO2 is carbon with no fuel attached to it and will put out the fire or cool the flame. CO2 cannot cause heat it is the by product of heat and energy and will absorb heat very fast,
and then cool as fast as it heated.
Everything living and not living, has carbon in it.
I eat carbon, breathe dioxide and exhale co2, carbon dioxide in its purest form is DRY ICE.